ISCO 9

Elementary occupations

Entry-level physical, routine, and support work across the economy.

Occupation groups

ISCO aggregates in this family

Employees

342,500

Sum across mapped groups

Avg. AI impact

1.7/10

job-weighted

Median earnings

€30K

gross annual, weighted

Interactive breakdown of employment and exposure inside this ISCO family.

Employment by AI impact (0–10)

Elementary occupations

Job share (top 8 groups)

1. Cleaning & security services · 130,498 (38.8%)
2. Construction workers · 53,853 (16.0%)
3. Employment agency & temp workers · 40,545 (12.1%)
4. Chefs & cooks · 33,300 (9.9%)
5. Warehousing & logistics support · 28,761 (8.6%)
6. Water supply & waste management · 19,400 (5.8%)
7. Care facility support & cleaning · 17,102 (5.1%)
8. Postal & courier services · 12,841 (3.8%)

Occupation groups in this family

Agricultural & forestry labourers · 6,200 · AI 1/10
Water supply & waste management · 19,400 · AI 2/10
Construction workers · 53,853 · AI 1/10
Warehousing & logistics support · 28,761 · AI 4/10
Postal & courier services · 12,841 · AI 3/10
Chefs & cooks · 33,300 · AI 1/10
Employment agency & temp workers · 40,545 · AI 4/10
Cleaning & security services · 130,498 · AI 1/10
Care facility support & cleaning · 17,102 · AI 1/10

Source & methodology

Employment: Eurostat lfsa_egai2d (EU LFS / Mikrozensus AKE 2024) by ISCO-08, split using NACE sector weights (nama_10_a64_e). Pay: Structure of Earnings Survey 2022 (Statistik Austria OGD). AI impact: Karpathy-compatible 0–10 rubric. Outlook: WIFO/AMS employment forecast 2023–2030.

Pipeline: deterministic, no LLM at build time, all source data publicly downloadable (OGD), 99 hypothesis-driven verification tests. Full methodology →